Sciencehill Dc Biotech, soilless agriculture research, technology development facility  , integration of biotechnology with agriculture.

Science Hill Dc Biotech . we are working for the integration of agriculture with modern technology, we want to revolutionused the traditional agriculture in rural area of uttarakhand in order to bring the golden change in the living of people of our area, we have already started a hydroponics research facility, Cold water Fishries research and production, in our block okhalkanda in Nainital district, Uttarakhand, as well as our biotechnology research facility is about to complete

here we are working in following fields. Hydroponics, aquaponics, nutrients film techniques, nutrient drop techniques, raft techniques,educating farmers, traning programs for farmers , hydroponics center installation, hydroponics equipment supply, management of macro and micro nutrients, Plants health management and disease control,development of high quality seeds and new varieties. and working to install a new biotechnology facility soon in order to fully integrate the agricultural technologies .

 How to add your pages to menu  in  your website 

At first go to layout of your web page, 

Now click on  add gadget icon on the top navigation bar,  then select pages gadget , and add pages you have already created in your pages list of yoir website, when you will click on add pages the list of pages will be seen here , and select the link of required page that you want to add to your web page.

 Click on save,  copy the  link of the required page  from here and go to your template and click on  html editor, search for menu,

Now paste that link, to your program of the menu section,

Specifically paste that link in '#' row of related item. 

Sickener mushroom, Russula emetica, vomiting russula, Red mushroom. 

Pic Taken by depak chandra suyal Mushroom

Russula emetica, commonly known as the sickener, emetic russula, or vomiting russula, is a basidiomycete mushroom, and the type species of the genus Russula. It has a red, convex to flat cap up to 8.5 cm (3.3 in) in diameter, with a cuticle that can be peeled off almost to the centre. 

The gills are white to pale cream, and closely spaced. A smooth white stem measures up to 10.5 cm (4.1 in) long and 2.4 cm (0.9 in) thick. First described in 1774, the mushroom has a wide distribution in the Northern Hemisphere, where it grows on the ground in damp woodlands in a mycorrhizal association with conifers, especially pine. 

The mushroom's common names refer to the gastrointestinal distress they cause when consumed raw. The flesh is extremely peppery, but this offensive taste, along with its toxicity, can be removed by parboiling or pickling. Although it used to be widely eaten in Russia and eastern European countries, it is generally not recommended for consumption. 

There are many similar Russula species that have a red cap with white stem and gills, some of which can be reliably distinguished from R. emetica only by microscopic characteristics.

Toxicity 

As its name implies, the sickener is inedible, though not as dangerous as sometimes described in older mushroom guides. The symptoms are mainly gastrointestinal in nature: nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, and colicky abdominal cramps. 

These symptoms typically begin half an hour to three hours after ingestion of the mushroom, and usually subside spontaneously, or shortly after the ingested material has been expelled from the intestinal tract.  

The active agents have not been identified but are thought to be sesquiterpenes, which have been isolated from the related genus Lactarius and from Russula sardonia Sesquiterpenoids that have been identified from R. emetica include the previously known compounds lactarorufin A, furandiol, methoxyfuranalcohol, and an unnamed compound unique to this species

Photosynthesis  and Color (Photosynthetic spectrum) 

In nature, plants depend on the energy of the sun. Through a process called photosynthesis, sunlight is converted into sugars to provide fuel for the plant’s growth. These sugars are utilized as needed in a process called respiration, and excess sugar is also stored for later use. Photosynthesis is made possible by chlorophyll, which is contained within the leaf cells. Chlorophyll gives vegetation its characteristic green color. Light is trapped by the chlorophyll, activating the process of photosynthesis. 

Inside the chlorophyll, light energy is combined with carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen and sugar. The sugar is then oxidized (or metabolized) through the process of respiration, producing carbon dioxide, water, and energy for growth. Excess oxygen and water are transpired by the leaf into the air. Plant growth, therefore, is directly affected by the color, intensity and duration of the light the organism receives.

Color (Photosynthetic spectrum) 

Photosynthesis is most pronounced in the red (600-680nm) and blue (380-480nm) wavelengths of light.Blue light stimulates hormones that trigger growth and inhibit dormancy. Blue light powers photosynthesis causing tips to grow towards the source (phototropism). Metal Halide lamps emit strong levels of blue light making them good for promoting the growth of leafy plants. Blue light also serves to keep plant growth compact and shapely by minimizing the distance between internodes (branches). Green light is reflected, that is why plants appear green, however some green light is required for growth. HID lamps do not emit much green light, neither do high pressure sodium lamps. Red light also powers photosynthesis, aids in seed germination , helps to form pigments and aid flowering. Red light is also responsible for triggering dormancy in some plants. High Pressure Sodium bulbs emit red light and are generally better for flowering and fruiting plants.Far-Red light speeds up some full sun plants, reverses some red light effects. HID lighting usually doesn’t emit far-red except in the case of some High and low pressure sodium bulbs, more so in the form of heat rather than photosynthetic light.

90% of a plant’s dry weight is comprised of these four(carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen ) organic elements. The interesting thing is that while many claim plants grown hydroponically are not “organic,” by definition, everything that grows is organic! Plants live in the earth’s atmosphere, which is comprised of approximately 78% Nitrogen, 20% Oxygen and 2% Carbon dioxide, in addition to a small percentage of inert gases. Carbon dioxide is known as a compound since it is a combination of one Carbon molecule and two Oxygen molecules. Most elements exist as compounds in nature because they are chemically unstable when pure in form. Most pure, unstable elements will react with other elements in nature until they are combined, and stabilized into compounds. This is an important issue when choosing nutrients to use with your hydroponic system, so you should keep this in mind when you read about a single part nutrient that contains “everything” your plants need. By single part, it mean that it is all in one container. If this were the case, the nutrient inside would become useless in a very short amount of time because the elemental salts within would rapidly combine into compounds that plants simply cannot absorb. The compound H2O (water) is made of two parts Hydrogen and one part Oxygen. H20 is formed when Hydrogen, an unstable gas, is burned or oxidized (combined with Oxygen). Since C, H, and O are readily available in both the air and water, plants possess the ability to extract these elements from either and use them to create food using light as the catalyst.

Sciencehill Dc soilless agriculture research and technology development center is unique and one of its kind. 

we are working in following fields.

Hydroponics, aquaponics, nutrients film techniques, nutrient drop techniques, raft techniques,educating farmers, traning programs for farmers , hydroponics center installation, hydroponics equipment supply, management of macro and micro nutrients, Plants health management and disease control,development of high quality seeds and new varieties.

Leucocoprinus birnbaumi (little viberent yellow mushroom) 

 Leucocoprinus birnbaumii is a species of gilled mushroom in the family Agaricaceae. It is common in the tropics and subtropics. However, in temperate regions, it frequently occurs in greenhouses and flowerpots, hence its common names of flowerpot parasol and plantpot dapperling

Leucocoprinus birnbaumii is a toxic mushroom. If eaten it can cause stomach upset as its toxic mechanism is a gastrointestinal irritant

The yellow color of the mushrooms is from alkaloids known as birnbaumins. Birnbaumin B is the major compound and has a formula C16H20N6O5 whilst birnbaumin A has one less oxygen molecule

      The speed of light is constant

The central mystery is light. It is, first of all, astonishingly fast. With a

flick of a switch, light floods a room. Before the rise of modern

science, it was sometimes thought that light leapt magically across

space without taking any time at all. This changed, however, after

Galileo first turned the telescope toward the skies in 1609. Clever

astronomers realized they could use the regular orbits of Jupiter’s

moons as giant clocks, and were able to measure the speed of light

with surprising accuracy. The numbers they produced shocked

people. Who could conceive of a speed of 186,000 miles per second or

300,000 kilometres per second?

But another, more perplexing, surprise lay in wait: the speed of

light is constant. That is, all observers who measure the speed of light

in empty space will find the same number no matter how fast they are

moving. An observer standing still will find starlight racing by at

300,000 kilometres per second. A spaceship cruising at 200,000

kilometres per second and chasing a light beam will still find that the

beam races away from the nose of the ship at 300,000 kilometres per

second. This means, for example, that no one can race fast enough to

catch a light beam. No matter how fast someone is moving, light will

be faster by 300,000 kilometres per second.

This is very peculiar. By way of contrast, consider a speeding

motorist being chased along a road by the police. At the start, with the

police car at a standstill at the side of the road, the speeding car zips

away at 150 kilometres per hour. As the police car reaches 30

kilometres per hour, the speeding car travels only 120 kilometres per

hour faster. As they accelerate, the relative speed of the fugitive drops

down further and further, and finally dwindles to zero as the police

catch up and race alongside flashing their lights. This is common

sense. If the speeding car goes at 150 kilometres per hour and the

police are chasing at 130 kilometres per hour, then their relative

speed is 20 kilometres per hour.

But light is not commonsensical. Light races away from any

standing or moving body at the same speed. The speed of light relative

to any moving body is a constant.

This fact was discovered experimentally in the late 1800s. It was so

strange there was no agreement about what it meant, or even whether

the experiments could be correct. Even today we have no deep

explanation of why the speed of light is constant. Many have derived

the fact, but only by making other, equally mysterious assumptions. It

was Einstein’s great achievement to see this bizarre fact as a clue. He

was able to place it at the centre of a powerful new theory, and thus

opened up a new vision of our universe.

The constancy of the relative speed of light is an experimental

fact. Even today, there is no agreement about why this should be

true. Einstein simply assumed it was and drew some surprising

consequences.

                        Kumauni culture 

हर-हर शम्भू , शिव महादेवा

ऊँ नमः शिवाय , हरि ऊँ नमः शिवाय ।

जटाटवीगलज्जलप्रवाहपावितस्थले

गलेऽवलम्ब्य लम्बितां भुजङ्गतुङ्गमालिकाम् ।

डमड्डमड्डमड्डमन्निनादवड्डमर्वयं

चकार चण्डताण्डवं तनोतु नः शिवः शिवम् ॥१॥

जटाकटाहसम्भ्रमभ्रमन्निलिम्पनिर्झरी

विलोलवीचिवल्लरीविराजमानमूर्धनि ।

धगद्धगद्धगज्ज्वलल्ललाटपट्टपावके

किशोरचन्द्रशेखरे रतिः प्रतिक्षणं मम ॥२॥

धराधरेन्द्रनंदिनीविलासबन्धुबन्धुर

स्फुरद्दिगन्तसन्ततिप्रमोदमानमानसे ।

कृपाकटाक्षधोरणीनिरुद्धदुर्धरापदि

क्वचिद्दिगम्बरे(क्वचिच्चिदम्बरे) मनो विनोदमेतु वस्तुनि ॥३॥

जटाभुजङ्गपिङ्गलस्फुरत्फणामणिप्रभा

कदम्बकुङ्कुमद्रवप्रलिप्तदिग्वधूमुखे ।

मदान्धसिन्धुरस्फुरत्त्वगुत्तरीयमेदुरे

मनो विनोदमद्भुतं बिभर्तु भूतभर्तरि ॥४॥

सहस्रलोचनप्रभृत्यशेषलेखशेखर

प्रसूनधूलिधोरणी विधूसराङ्घ्रिपीठभूः ।

भुजङ्गराजमालया निबद्धजाटजूटक

श्रियै चिराय जायतां चकोरबन्धुशेखरः ॥५॥

ललाटचत्वरज्वलद्धनञ्जयस्फुलिङ्गभा

निपीतपञ्चसायकं नमन्निलिम्पनायकम् ।

सुधामयूखलेखया विराजमानशेखरं

महाकपालिसम्पदेशिरोजटालमस्तु नः ॥६॥

करालभालपट्टिकाधगद्धगद्धगज्ज्वल

द्धनञ्जयाहुतीकृतप्रचण्डपञ्चसायके ।

धराधरेन्द्रनन्दिनीकुचाग्रचित्रपत्रक

प्रकल्पनैकशिल्पिनि त्रिलोचने रतिर्मम ॥७॥

नवीनमेघमण्डली निरुद्धदुर्धरस्फुरत्

कुहूनिशीथिनीतमः प्रबन्धबद्धकन्धरः ।

निलिम्पनिर्झरीधरस्तनोतु कृत्तिसिन्धुरः

कलानिधानबन्धुरः श्रियं जगद्धुरंधरः ॥८॥

प्रफुल्लनीलपङ्कजप्रपञ्चकालिमप्रभा

वलम्बिकण्ठकन्दलीरुचिप्रबद्धकन्धरम् ।

स्मरच्छिदं पुरच्छिदं भवच्छिदं मखच्छिदं

गजच्छिदांधकच्छिदं तमन्तकच्छिदं भजे ॥९॥

अगर्व सर्वमङ्गलाकलाकदम्बमञ्जरी

रसप्रवाहमाधुरी विजृम्भणामधुव्रतम् ।

स्मरान्तकं पुरान्तकं भवान्तकं मखान्तकं

गजान्तकान्धकान्तकं तमन्तकान्तकं भजे ॥१०॥

जयत्वदभ्रविभ्रमभ्रमद्भुजङ्गमश्वस

द्विनिर्गमत्क्रमस्फुरत्करालभालहव्यवाट् ।

धिमिद्धिमिद्धिमिध्वनन्मृदङ्गतुङ्गमङ्गल

ध्वनिक्रमप्रवर्तित प्रचण्डताण्डवः शिवः ॥११॥

दृषद्विचित्रतल्पयोर्भुजङ्गमौक्तिकस्रजोर्

गरिष्ठरत्नलोष्ठयोः सुहृद्विपक्षपक्षयोः ।

तृणारविन्दचक्षुषोः प्रजामहीमहेन्द्रयोः

समं प्रव्रितिक: कदा सदाशिवं भजाम्यहम ॥१२॥

कदा निलिम्पनिर्झरीनिकुञ्जकोटरे वसन्

विमुक्तदुर्मतिः सदा शिरः स्थमञ्जलिं वहन् ।

विमुक्तलोललोचनो ललामभाललग्नकः

शिवेति मंत्रमुच्चरन् कदा सुखी भवाम्यहम् ॥१३॥

निलिम्प नाथनागरी कदम्ब मौलमल्लिका-

निगुम्फनिर्भक्षरन्म धूष्णिकामनोहरः ।

तनोतु नो मनोमुदं विनोदिनींमहनिशं

परिश्रय परं पदं तदङ्गजत्विषां चयः ॥१४॥

प्रचण्ड वाडवानल प्रभाशुभप्रचारणी

महाष्टसिद्धिकामिनी जनावहूत जल्पना ।

विमुक्त वाम लोचनो विवाहकालिकध्वनिः

शिवेति मन्त्रभूषगो जगज्जयाय जायताम् ॥१५॥

इमं हि नित्यमेवमुक्तमुत्तमोत्तमं स्तवं

पठन्स्मरन्ब्रुवन्नरो विशुद्धिमेतिसंततम् ।

हरे गुरौ सुभक्तिमाशु याति नान्यथा गतिं

विमोहनं हि देहिनां सुशङ्करस्य चिंतनम् ॥१६॥

पूजावसानसमये दशवक्त्रगीतं

यः शम्भुपूजनपरं पठति प्रदोषे ।

तस्य स्थिरां रथगजेन्द्रतुरङ्गयुक्तां

लक्ष्मीं सदैव सुमुखिं प्रददाति शम्भुः ॥१७॥

इति श्रीरावण कृतम्

शिव ताण्डव स्तोत्रम्स म्पूर्णम्